Judgmental illusion produced by contrast with expectancy

Judgmental model of the Ebbinghaus illusion.

Two experiments studied the Ebbinghaus illusion as a function of four stimulus variables: the size of the context circles, the number of context circles, the distance between the context circles and the center circle, and the size of the center circle. The results provided a quantitative test of a judgmental model that considers the Ebbinghaus illusion to be comparative in nature. The context c...

Size-contrast illusion induced by unconscious context

The present study examined whether the Ebbinghaus illusion can be induced by surrounding contexts that are suppressed from conscious perception. We employed continuous flash suppression to render the contextual stimuli invisible. The surrounding contexts were presented to one eye and the masking stimulus was presented to the other eye, followed by the presentation of the two center test stimuli...

Judgmental Sampling

Spatial stimulus generalization as a function of white noise and activation level.

Judgments of the numerousness of patterns of dots vary with the size of the background on which the dots are presented The direction of this judgmental illusion depends upon the experimental correlation between background size and actual number of dots When the correlation is positive, judged numerousness varies inversely with background size, however, when the correlation is negative, the illu...

Inferences about the efferent system based on a perceptual illusion produced by eye movements.

Precise measurement of the position of the eye as it follows a moving target makes possible the exact computation of retinal information about the path of movement of that target. Comparing this retinal information with the reported visual perception of the path of movement enables inferences to be made concerning what information about eye position was used by the perceptual system. On the ass...